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Formula |
CAS |
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CAS: Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number
Background
Epoxy resin is based on epichlorhydrin and bisphenol A. The oligomers may vary in molecular weight from 340 and higher. The higher molecular weight oligoers are less sensitizing.
Synonyms
4,4-isopropylidenediphenol-epichlorohydrin
Bisphenol A [2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane] (diphenylpropane)
Diglycidyl ether
Epichlorohydrin
Epoxy resin
(1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane) (8-chloropropylene oxide)
Uses
Adhesives and glues both for industrial and for home use
Dental bonding agents
Electrical encapsulators
Electron microscopy
Eyeglass frames
Handbags and plastic necklaces
Laminates
Paints and inks
Plasticizers
Polyvinylchloride products
Product finishers
Surface coatings
Vinyl gloves
Cross-Reactions
Unusual Reactions
Airborne
Contact urticaria
Erythema multiforme-like
References
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1. |
Ancona-Alayon, A., J.L. Jimenez-Castilla, and E.M. Gomez-Alvarez, Dermatitis from epoxy resin and formaldehyde in shampoo packers. Contact Dermatitis, 1976. 2(6): p. 356. |
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2. |
Krajewska, D. and E. Rudzki, Sensitivity to epoxy resins and triethylenetetramine. Contact Dermatitis, 1976. 2(3): p. 135-8. |
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3. |
Rudzki, E. and D. Krajewska, Cross-reactions between ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine and triethylenetetramine. Contact Dermatitis, 1976. 2(6): p. 311-3. |
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4. |
Fregert, S. and A. Thorgeirsson, Patch testing with low molecular oligomers of epoxy resins in humans. Contact Dermatitis, 1977. 3(6): p. 301-3. |
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5. |
Malten, K.E., Tracing back a positive reaction to epoxy resin. Contact Dermatitis, 1977. 3(4): p. 217. |
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6. |
Fregert, S. and L. Trulsson, Simple methods for demonstration of epoxy resins of bisphenol A type. Contact Dermatitis, 1978. 4(2): p. 69-72. |
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7. |
Hambly, E.M. and D.S. Wilkinson, Unusual presentation of epoxy resin sensitivity. Contact Dermatitis, 1978. 4(2): p. 114. |
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8. |
Rudzki, E., Dermatitis from epoxy resin, triethylenetetramine and ethylenediamine. Contact Dermatitis, 1978. 4(1): p. 53. |
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9. |
Dahlquist, I., et al., Epoxy resin in a one-pack glue. Contact Dermatitis, 1979. 5(3): p. 189-9. |
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10. |
Dahlquist, I., S. Fregert, and L. Trulsson, Allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy resin finished glass fiber. Contact Dermatitis, 1979. 5(3): p. 190. |
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11. |
Fregert, S., K. Persson, and L. Trulsson, Allergic contact dermatitis from unhardened epoxy resin in a finished product. Contact Dermatitis, 1979. 5(4): p. 277-8. |
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12. |
Malten, K.E., Recently reported causes of contact dermatitis due to synthetic resins and hardeners. Contact Dermatitis, 1979. 5(1): p. 11-23. |
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13. |
Mork, N.J., Contact sensitivity from epoxy resin in a hemodialysis set. Contact Dermatitis, 1979. 5(5): p. 331-2. |
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14. |
Pegum, J.S., Penetration of protective gloves by epoxy resin. Contact Dermatitis, 1979. 5(5): p. 281-3. |
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15. |
Bjorkner, B., Allergic contact dermatitis from (foxy) epoxy. Contact Dermatitis, 1980. 6(7): p. 499. |
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16. |
Bokelund, F., S. Fregert, and L. Trulsson, Sensitization from epoxy resin powder of high molecular weight. Contact Dermatitis, 1980. 6(2): p. 144. |
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17. |
Brandao, F.M. and J. Pinto, Allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin in hemodialysis needles. Contact Dermatitis, 1980. 6(3): p. 218-9. |
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18. |
Fregert, S., K. Persson, and L. Trulsson, Hidden sources of unhardened epoxy resin of bisphenol A type. Contact Dermatitis, 1980. 6(6): p. 446-7. |
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19. |
Romaguera, C. and F. Grimalt, Pacemaker dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis, 1981. 7(6): p. 333. |
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20. |
Rudzki, E., Some peculiarities of contact dermatitis in poland. Dermatosen in Beruf und Umwelt. Occupational & Environmental Dermatoses, 1981. 29(4): p. 98-101. |
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21. |
Schmidt, R. and H. Maibach, Immediate and delayed onset "skip area" dermatitis presumed secondary to topical phenol exposure. Contact Dermatitis, 1981. 7(4): p. 199-202. |
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22. |
Mann, R.J., E. Stewart, and R.D. Peachey, Sensitivity to urostomy pouch plastic. Contact Dermatitis, 1983. 9(1): p. 80-1. |
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23. |
Niinimaki, A., J. Rosberg, and S. Saari, Traces of epoxy resin in acrylic dental filling materials [letter]. Contact Dermatitis, 1983. 9(6): p. 532. |
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24. |
Suhonen, R., Epoxy-dermatitis in a ski-stick factory. Contact Dermatitis, 1983. 9(2): p. 131-3. |
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25. |
van Ketel, W.G., C.K. van de Burg, and P. de Haan, Sensitization to epoxy resin from an ileostomy bag. Contact Dermatitis, 1983. 9(6): p. 516. |
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26. |
Wright, R.C. and S. Fregert, Allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy resin in nasal canulae. Contact Dermatitis, 1983. 9(5): p. 387-9. |
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27. |
Burrows, D., et al., Contact dermatitis from the epoxy resins tetraglycidyl-4,4'-methylene dianiline and o-diglycidyl phthalate in composite material. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 11(2): p. 80-2. |
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28. |
Fregert, S., I. Dahlquist, and K. Persson, Sensitizing capacity of substances related to epoxy resin oligomer MW 340 (DGEBA). Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 10(1): p. 47-8. |
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29. |
Fregert, S., B. Meding, and L. Trulsson, Demonstration of epoxy resin in stoma pouch plastic. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 10(2): p. 106. |
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30. |
Fregert, S. and K. Orsmark, Allergic contact dermatitis due to epoxy resin in textile labels. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 11(2): p. 131-2. |
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31. |
Fregert, S. and L. Trulsson, Patch testing with brominated epoxy resins. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 10(2): p. 112-3. |
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32. |
Goh, C.L. and S.D. Soh, Occupational dermatoses in Singapore. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 11(5): p. 288-93. |
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33. |
Laurberg, G. and J.V. Christiansen, Purpuric allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 11(3): p. 186-7. |
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34. |
Lovell, C.R., R.J. Rycroft, and J. Matood, Isolated Cardura E10 sensitivity in an epoxy resin chemical process. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 11(3): p. 190-1. |
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35. |
van Putten, P.B., P.J. Coenraads, and J.P. Nater, Hand dermatoses and contact allergic reactions in construction workers exposed to epoxy resins. Contact Dermatitis, 1984. 10(3): p. 146-50. |
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36. |
Boom, B.W. and L.M. van Driel, Allergic contact dermatitis to epoxy resin in infusion sets of an insulin pump. Contact Dermatitis, 1985. 12(5): p. 280. |
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37. |
Fisher, A.A., Allergic contact dermatitis in early infancy. Cutis, 1985. 35(4): p. 315-6. |
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38. |
Malanin, G. and K. Kalimo, Facial dermatitis from epoxy resin in a helmet. Contact Dermatitis, 1985. 12(4): p. 221. |
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39. |
Goh, C.L., S.L. Gan, and S.J. Ngui, Occupational dermatitis in a prefabrication construction factory. Contact Dermatitis, 1986. 15(4): p. 235-40. |
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40. |
Prens, E.P., G. de Jong, and T. van Joost, Sensitization to epichlorohydrin and epoxy system components. Contact Dermatitis, 1986. 15(2): p. 85-90. |
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41. |
Requena, L., et al., Epoxy dermatitis of an amputation stump. Contact Dermatitis, 1986. 14(5): p. 320. |
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42. |
Romaguera, C., F. Grimalt, and J. Vilaplana, Occupational dermatitis from epoxy resin. Contact Dermatitis, 1986. 14(3): p. 187. |
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43. |
Blanken, R., J.P. Nater, and E. Veenhoff, Protective effect of barrier creams and spray coatings against epoxy resins. Contact Dermatitis, 1987. 16(2): p. 79-83. |
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44. |
Blanken, R., J.P. Nater, and E. Veenhoff, Protection against epoxy resins with glove materials. Contact Dermatitis, 1987. 16(1): p. 46-7. |
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45. |
Fischer, T., et al., Unhardened epoxy resin in tool handles. Contact Dermatitis, 1987. 16(1): p. 45. |
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46. |
Jenkinson, H.A. and D. Burrows, Pitfalls in the demonstration of epoxy resins. Contact Dermatitis, 1987. 16(4): p. 226-7. |
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47. |
Jolanki, R., T. Estlander, and L. Kanerva, Contact allergy to an epoxy reactive diluent: 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether. Contact Dermatitis, 1987. 16(2): p. 87-92. |
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48. |
Jolanki, R., T. Estlander, and L. Kanerva, Occupational contact dermatitis and contact urticaria caused by epoxy resins. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. Supplementum, 1987. 134: p. 90-94. |
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49. |
Olumide, Y., Contact dermatitis in Nigeria. (II). Hand dermatitis in men. Contact Dermatitis, 1987. 17(3): p. 136-8. |
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50. |
Goh, C.L., An epidemiological comparison between hand eczema and non-hand eczema. British Journal of Dermatology, 1988. 118(6): p. 797-801. |
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51. |
Heskel, N.S., Epoxy resin dermatitis in a stained glass window maker. Contact Dermatitis, 1988. 18(3): p. 182-3. |
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52. |
Luck, H. and G. Jentsch, Chromium dermatitis caused by epoxy resin. Contact Dermatitis, 1988. 19(2): p. 154-5. |
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53. |
Tosti, A., L. Guerra, and F. Toni, Occupational airborne contact dermatitis due to epoxy resin. Contact Dermatitis, 1988. 19(3): p. 220-2. |
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54. |
van Joost, T., Occupational sensitization to epichlorohydrin and epoxy resin. Contact Dermatitis, 1988. 19(4): p. 278-80. |
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55. |
van Joost, T., J. van Ulsen, and L.A. van Loon, Contact allergy to denture materials in the burning mouth syndrome. Contact Dermatitis, 1988. 18(2): p. 97-9. |
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56. |
Anonymous, Preliminary studies of the TRUE test patch test system in the United States. TRUE Test Study Group. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1989. 21(4 Pt 2): p. 841-3. |
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57. |
Goh, C.L., An epidemiological comparison between occupational and non-occupational hand eczema. British Journal of Dermatology, 1989. 120(1): p. 77-82. |
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58. |
Kanerva, L., T. Estlander, and R. Jolanki, Allergic contact dermatitis from dental composite resins due to aromatic epoxy acrylates and aliphatic acrylates. Contact Dermatitis, 1989. 20(3): p. 201-11. |
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59. |
Ayala, F., et al., The use of laboratory methods in contact dermatitis induced by composite materials [published erratum appears in Contact Dermatitis 1990 Nov;23(5):384]. Contact Dermatitis, 1990. 22(5): p. 262-6. |
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60. |
Jolanki, R., et al., Occupational dermatoses from epoxy resin compounds. Contact Dermatitis, 1990. 23(3): p. 172-83. |
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61. |
Jolanki, R., Occupational skin diseases from epoxy compounds. Epoxy resin compounds, epoxy acrylates and 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Acta Dermato-Venereologica. Supplementum, 1991. 159: p. 1-80. |
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62. |
Whitfeld, M.J. and J.K. Rivers, Erythema multiforme after contact dermatitis in response to an epoxy sealant. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1991. 25(2 Pt 2): p. 386-8. |
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63. |
Foulds, I.S. and D. Koh, Allergic contact dermatitis from resin hardeners during the manufacture of thermosetting coating paints. Contact Dermatitis, 1992. 26(2): p. 87-90. |
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64. |
Goncalo, S., et al., Contact dermatitis from a billiard cue. Contact Dermatitis, 1992. 26(4): p. 263. |
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65. |
Lichter, M., D. Drury, and K. Remlinger, Lichenoid dermatitis caused by epoxy resin. Contact Dermatitis, 1992. 26(4): p. 275. |
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66. |
Wang, X., et al., 17 cases of epoxy resin dermatitis in Shanghai. Contact Dermatitis, 1992. 27(3): p. 202-3. |
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67. |
Conde-Salazar, L., M. Gorospe, and D. Guimaraens, A new source of sensitivity to epoxy resin. Contact Dermatitis, 1993. 28(5): p. 292. |
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68. |
Holness, D.L. and J.R. Nethercott, The performance of specialized collections of bisphenol A epoxy resin system components in the evaluation of workers in an occupational health clinic population. Contact Dermatitis, 1993. 28(4): p. 216-9. |
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69. |
Lodi, A., et al., Occupational airborne allergic contact dermatitis in parquet layers. Contact Dermatitis, 1993. 29(5): p. 281-2. |
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70. |
Ortiz-Frutos, F.J., et al., Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from epoxy varnishes. Contact Dermatitis, 1993. 28(5): p. 297-8. |
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71. |
Conde-Salazar, L., M.A. Gonzalez de Domingo, and D. Guimaraens, Sensitization to epoxy resin systems in special flooring workers. Contact Dermatitis, 1994. 31(3): p. 157-60. |
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72. |
Guimaraens, D., et al., Occupational airborne allergic contact dermatitis in the national mint and fiscal-stamp factory. Contact Dermatitis, 1994. 30(3): p. 172-3. |
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73. |
Handley, J. and D. Burrows, Dermatitis from hexavalent chromate in the accelerator of an epoxy sealant (PR1422) used in the aircraft industry. Contact Dermatitis, 1994. 30(4): p. 193-6. |
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74. |
Hansson, C., Determination of monomers in epoxy resin hardened at elevated temperature. Contact Dermatitis, 1994. 31(5): p. 333-4. |
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75. |
Kiec-Swierczynska, M., Allergy to epoxy compounds over a decade. Contact Dermatitis, 1995. 32(3): p. 180. |
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