Formula	CAS
n.a.	n.a.

Background
Thiuram mix is used in commercial patch-test series to detect contact allergy to four closely related chemicals used primarily as accelerators in the production of rubber. These allergens include dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide (PTD), tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD), tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD), and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM).

Synonyms
Dipentamethylenethiuram disulfide
PTD
Robac PTD
Tetraethylthiuram disulfide
Abstenisil
Abstinyl
Antabuse
Antadix
Antiethanol
Contralin
Cronetal
Disulfiram
Etabus
Ethyl
Thiurad
Noxal
Ro-Sulfiram
Robac
TET
Stopetyl
TETD
Tetradine
Thiuranide
Tetramethylthiuram disulfide
Arasan
Fernasan
Nomersan
Pomarsal
Puralin
Rezifilm
Tersan
Thiosan
Thiurad
Thiuramyl
Thylate
Tiuramyl
TMTD
Thiram
Tuads
Tulisan
Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide
TMTM

Uses
Adhesives
Condoms and diaphragms
Disinfectants, repellents, fungicides, and insecticides in agriculture
Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Gloves (household, work, or hospital)
Leather shoes (insoles, adhesives, linings)
Medical devices
Renal dialysis equipment
Rubber in undergarments and clothing
Rubber pillows and sheets
Rubber shoes (sneakers, tennis shoes, etc.)
Soaps and shampoos
Sponge makeup applicators and rubber eyelash curiers
Swimwear and toys
Tires and tubes

Cross-Reactions

Unusual Reactions





References

1.	Penneys NS, Edwards LS, Katsikas JL. Allergic contact sensitivity to thiuram compounds in a hemodialysis unit. Archives of Dermatology 1976;112(6):811-813.
2.	van Ketel WG. Thiuram-mix. Contact Dermatitis 1976;2(4):232-233.
3.	Bransbury AJ. Allergy to rubber condom urinals and medical adhesives in male spinal injury patients. Contact Dermatitis 1979;5(5):317-323.
4.	Kaaber K. et al. Treatment of nickel dermatitis with Antabuse; a double blind study. Contact Dermatitis 1983;9(4):297-299.
5.	Themido R, Brandao FM. Contact allergy to thiurams. Contact Dermatitis 1984;10(4):251.
6.	Van Ketel WG. Contact urticaria from rubber gloves after dermatitis from thiurams. Contact Dermatitis 1984;11(5):323-324.
7.	Kruis-de Vries MH, Coenraads PJ, Nater JP. Allergic contact dermatitis due to rubber chemicals in haemodialysis equipment. Contact Dermatitis 1987;17(5):303-305.
8.	Heese A. et al. Allergic and irritant reactions to rubber gloves in medical health services. Spectrum, diagnostic approach, and therapy. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1991;25(5 Pt 1):831-839.
9.	Kimber I. et al. Lymphocyte transformation and thiuram sensitization. Contact Dermatitis 1991;24(3):164-171.
10.	von Hintzenstern J. et al. Frequency, spectrum and occupational relevance of type IV allergies to rubber chemicals. Contact Dermatitis 1991;24(4):244-252.
11.	Conde-Salazar L. et al. Type IV allergy to rubber additives: a 10-year study of 686 cases. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 1993;29(2 Pt 1):176-180.
12.	Knudsen BB. et al. Release of thiurams and carbamates from rubber gloves. Contact Dermatitis 1993;28(2):63-69.

Auteur(s):
dr. Jan R. Mekkes. Dermatoloog, Amsterdam UMC.